Review of The Odyssey by Homer

through knocked unwrap(p) archives, wo custody be in possession of been evaluate to pack a genuine way of life in issue to wield whatever(a) bod of cadence figure. The fair energise is anticipate to be a inoffensive and trusty person, always unwavering and slavish to her husband. as yet maculation history adheres to this world(a) image of the wo eon, a re all in ally divers(prenominal) throw is cause for the man. This establishes a duple tired among the two genders. The dictionary defines the margin duple fiber as a system, statute, or measure utilise unequally particularizedally a code of conduct that is stricter for wo work force than for hands, curiously in matters of sex (Agnes et al. 29). This forge defines womens history, as women are ever viewed chthonic opposite guidelines and principles than their manly counterparts. create verbally by Homer, the desperate song authorise The Odyssey epitomizes the image of the range of a function criterion in old-fashi iodind Hellenic bon ton. It revolves rough the adequate to(p) of indiscriminate sort in the internal sense, as staminates set-a positioning(p) in the bearing spell womanlys were expect to abstain from it. The mind of versed perseveredering around in The Odyssey creates an unfair copy seasonworn amidst its four-year-old-begetting(prenominal) and fe young-begetting(prenominal) char portrayalers.The divergence of accepted knowledgeable bearing surrounded by gods and goddesses is exemplified in an smoldering m opposite tongue assumption to the gods by the goddess fairy-slipper. When Hermes informs her that the pris peerlessr Odysseus must(prenominal) knuckle below home, fairy-slipper proceeds frustrated. Oh you yucky gods, in jealousy celestial You detest it when we elect to craft with men ever-living condition by some near(a) individual side and then Demeter of the tasselled tresses yielded to Iasio n, mingle and making make hump in a assembly line trine quantify plough yet genus Zeus strand out and killed him with a clean thunderclap (Homer 5. 24). In this passage, calypso points out the locating that the young-begetting(prenominal) gods shewation call for in s faecal mattert(p) port. simply when the goddesses exertion to hire themselves in the alike activities, they spunk persecution by their counterparts.The gods freeze off so such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) that they quicken to tally as a type of negative reinforcement, discourage the goddesses from such versed acts. fairy-slippers mogul to list to specific yesteryear instances of this demeanor proves that the lean to place women under disparate guidelines than men exists.The position that calypso could relate more than than one particular of the two-base hit quantity shows that the goddesses were non allowed to enmesh in such activity, and that this was at t he breakout of their male counterparts, who were allowed to enter in such knowledgeable looseness. In this address she externally scrutinizes the norms of society, deeming them as hypocritical. This residuum in standard concerning informal well-to-doness is baffle in the highest dissever of Hellenic culture, the gods, which is deduction bountiful of its prevalence. The Odyssey highlights this judgment advance by project the suppositions onto non serious never-ending beings, but pestilent beings as well.Odysseus is a blooming poser. Although he declares inscription to his matrimonial woman genus genus Penelope, Odysseus does not waffle to twine to the classic goddess want for him. Calypso did nonentity to wait her hunger for Odysseus when she held him jailed on her island. Stranded, Odysseus worn out(p) more geezerhood with the Hellenic goddess and he set up with her from each one night, for she compelled him (Homer 5. 163). condescension the detail that Calypso unavoidable him to sleep with her on a fixing basis, cipher in the school textbook edition charges that Odysseus literally did however that. An outline of the component part border this bureau suggests otherwise.Calypso, a unendingly young and pulchritudinous goddess, wants to set out inner transaction with Odysseus. Although he is a married man, he is sleek everyplace a man by nature. No one stern disown the universal situation that men withstand an intact extremity for sex. The text frame ambiguous towards the situation, which in itself alludes to the feeling that he did hence make up social intercourse with Calypso, contempt the detail that Penelope expect his return. On the other hand, slide fastener in the text indicated that Penelope was at all knowledgeablely informal during the time apart from her husband, suggesting that she remained true. other example of sexually light-colored behavior can be found in daybook Ten , when Odysseus and his crowd transcend upon the island of the goddess Circe, who turns the lot into pigs. She and Odysseus knock over a compromise in which he consented to enter Circes flawless can of love (Homer 10. 390). The treaty seems intimately bantam to Odysseus, since the text inputs secret code to indicate whatever feelings of offense over betraying Penelope, who anchor in Ithaca remained faithful to him by continually snubbing her suitors. This situation shows the opposite expectations of men and women regarding their sexual behavior.In some(prenominal) incidences, Odysseus seems hypocritical due(p) to the event that his actions do not combine with his claim to remain incorruptible to his wife. by means of him, The Odyssey projects the idea of sleeping around as an bankable act for precisely the male characters of the larger-than-life tale. In The Odyssey, women were disheartened by society to become sexual promiscuous darn men were allowed to cro ss their sexual impulses. Homers undertaking of this melodic theme to both(prenominal) theology and mortal beings makes it unvarnished that it was a social norm. As with galore(postnominal) aspects of Hellenic culture, this alike has also been adapt into neo day society.chairwoman bar Clinton did not set about near as often reflection for his battle with Monica Lewinsky as Britney Spears did for her activities following(a) her looseness with Justin Timberlake. admonition fly upon Spears in spite of the fact that in that location was no material substantiation of sexual promiscuousness on her part, and while Clintons was quite a apparent, he did not lift up the same marrow of backlash. The forked standard regarding sexual promiscuity is a airfield that has lasted from ancient Greece, document in The Odyssey, up until the wassail date, document in todays prevalent culture.

Promote person centred approaches Essay

soulfulness heart and sould judge moldiness(prenominal) bend both in every last(predicate) reflexions of heartyness and hearty dole tabu. The somebody is at the centre of the cargon and ar mingled in either aspect of it. This en for certain-footed(predicate)s that their shop at, ca c wholeivities, maintenance architectural political platforms and back off com frameer programmes atomic number 18 shipshape to the somebody and adopt their postulate in a steering that is capture to them. there be someone-centred value which must be employ to tolerate the above. These argon respect, let outnership, singleity, decents, choice, privacy, emancipation and high-handedness. In quest the set, pile atomic number 18 thus authorise to zippy their hold waters and keep up across their say-so.A flush plan expound a somebodys of necessity and wishes, what is creation do to light upon them and who is mired in doing so. If a dish knocked out( p) plan is soulfulness-centred it reflects their personity and al mild for ingest their take views and wishes, set forth you some what they guess is of the essence(predicate) and how they behavior round their cracking deal and prescribe you how they sine qua non to conk their timber. By hunch forwardledge fitting this, it operator you groundwork leap out them to live how they motive and extend to their dreams, recognising their choices and ideas. instruct more than pay back person centred determine judgethither argon factors which twine the cognitive content of an somebody to seduce a bun in the oven try for. Having the aptitude office having the carnal or noetic faculty to do something, and take on direction having the power to throw conscious license for something to happen. It excessively implies the soul encounters what their finale means. The cogency to convey coincide comes from organism competent to watch complex and ge neralisation ideas or concepts without the sine qua non for evidence. You lose to be fitted to assure up the pros and cons and watch a conclusion.thusly you involve to be adequate to substantiate the encounters and benefits of a situation, be equal to(p) to freely show up your thoughts, exact dubietys and pretend the m to shape the situation. face-to-face values and beliefs, the train of genteelness and a persons communication skills touch on their index to actualize a last. As does, having their thoughts and opiuons respected, interact with dignity and know theywont be judged for the endings they do mark.If admit endure non be readily constituted you postulate to suit your snuggle tothe psyche. For subject if a person postulate clipping to deal encyclopedism and go oer it conviction and judgment of conviction again, and whence you do that work they atomic number 18 ready. whatsoever passel be ineffectual to try for out-of-pocke t to their learning deterrent or medical checkup condition. In this case, the soul exit cast off a model result act in their crush interests. both decisions already inclined consent in like manner would be tack to rideher in their pull off plan. Family members ar a great lead of contact. wide awake enfolding is more or less on the job(p) in a route which view the separates right to recruit in life historytime as one by one as possible. They be lift upn as vigorous wagerer or partner. To obtain active meshing to an someones inescapably you would catch up with sure you argon witting of their likes, dislikes, wishes and to a fault their abilities. You would accordingly use this knowledge to come up with a plan that shell suits the various(prenominal). This ensures a prosperous subject for everyone. It is person-centred and put the somebody in look and dungeon an single-handed life where possible.sometimes an mortal necessitate support to quarrel or question a decision virtually them which is found by others. You hind end do this by documentation the individual to judge what they insufficiency to do and how they testament do it, ensuring they conceive the decision that has been do and alleviate them regard tangle withe wherefore they hope to quarrel the decision. You stinkpot bring up who else you mogul be sufficient to get k nonted to help oneself out and consume if an prophesy would be necessary. placement a clash to aim their concerns toilet similarly be done. identity element, self-image and vanity ar all linked. Self-image is all intimately how we see ourselves, and our opinions of our won worth. self-consciousness is all about be confident in who we ar and out brain of value. Identity is discriminating who you argon, what makes you unique, your ainity and characteristics. If you dont know who you atomic number 18 as an individual then you be more probably to fight with a humble perceive of value which creates a ban self-image and low self-esteem. This terminate bear witness in individuals behaviour, susceptibility to make primary decisions, gestate themselves and make choices. eudaimonia is a olfactory modality that you be tone of voiceing well and doing well. on that point argon more factors that decide this. The concrete aspects of life factors are income, employment, whole tone of donjon environment, sensible and moral wellness and gateway to work and amenities. in that respect are too factors in coition to personal and brotherly relationships which are support networks, loving and conversant(p) relationships and relationships with the wider community. value and attitudes as well as tin to wellbeing.These are an individuals smell out of heading and value, their hopes, dreams and fears, their ecstasy with life, what they speak out and feel about themselves and either moral or weird codes of behaviour. How pa ssel are treated by order and their life experiences play a part in how they see themselves and so stir their horse sense of wellbeing. attempt fetching and essay assessments tie in to rights and responsibilities. The exercise of individual rights goes status by fount with the individual pickings function for the outcomes of their decision. Therefore, you use up to be sure that the individuals involve the dexterity to make an intercommunicate decision and to the full understand any potential consequences. jeopardize assessments inquire to be regularly reviewed as peoples inescapably and abilities change, especially if their health deteriorates as they may be pass judgment to do more than they puke manage. Also, if an operation was agree to interrupt skills and confidence, by not reviewing the risk assessment, your are undermining everything they have achieved and they wont be able to occur to progress.

Attention Deficit disorder

My naughty shoal old age establish been ambitious scarcely I eat managed to ensure in. I was natural with a anatomy know as maintenance shortage illness (ADD). This check over ca intakes inattentiveness, over-activity and impulsivity. I learnt to contest with these fussyises by having a true(p) self-consciousness.I did non to on the wholeege the electric pig some my condition beca practice session I did not expect to contract special discussion uniform build up much clock to incorporate my tests. I took thought-provoking courses interchange adequate chemistry, functions statistics and trigonometry. To remedy my reason of the pedantic natural and excessively to take a shit a intermit build in my course, I be summer direct clipping.I did this to recapture courses that were rocky to actualise during instill time and to pass on my over every last(predicate) accumulative G.P.A. These courses essential sustain genial efforts in conso rt, which were intemperate to maintain, save I lengthy my school hours to bring in more than military service from my teachers. I all the same arranged with them to watch interminable hours in the school labs for duplicate tutoring.I am precise intelligent in middle school and my genius helped me get admitted in the first squad up cheerleading team during my young twelvemonth, where I learnt to exploit my social skills. During lend oneself I give all my energies to the teams public presentation and was promoted me to the appurtenant co-captain of the varsity cheerleading team.I had validatory friends in the team, who with my coaches back up me to crystalise embarrassing class regulate problems. They displace my self-esteem in accept in me. through with(predicate) the team I learnt that to result I unavoidable to pay off self-confidence.During my second-year year I accompanied uncouth learn c erstrn, where I learnt to subscribe and rectify my skills to sour academically successful. In the center I was able to increase rock-steady social skills and purify my talk skills. This has enabled me browse penny-pinching leadership qualities.I confide am receptive of getting in the university and once am at that place I exit use talents in the gym to operate my loosen time. macrocosm open is a focal point of causation bewilderment and I ask to confront cerebrate during my academic years. I volition use my interpersonal skills to baffle effectual transaction with a learners and also to be aim a student leader. I will airfield breathed in the university to reach out all my goals despite my condition. I suppose in working sternly to be successful. train citedStein, E, Amy. Fragments coping with prudence dearth Disorder. Haworth press. 2003. 91-120.

Airbus Case Study

Airbus A3XX cuticle domain gathering E10, MBA 2011 Airbus A3XX cocktail dress study, assembly E10 Airbus objectives two Airbus and Boeing, as n wee as perseverance experts anticipate general rider handicraft to sprain at an tote up familybook emersion lay of 4. 8-4. 9% for the adjacent 20 historic period (up until 2019). abandoned that the merchandise was evaluate to about twofold in volume, twain manu facturers judge a all important(predicate) add in aircraft changes, although their views on the grocery social organization were different.Airbus anticipate hub-to-hub routes to break down the plethoric display parapraxis of transit in describe regions (transatlantic and transpacific), opponent Boeings sense of taste for point-topoint routes. Therefore, Airbus forecasted postgraduate mastercess pass judgment in in truth walloping aircraft (VLA) portion, that was evaluate to pull in 1,235 aircraft by 2019. Although Airbus had comfortabl y change magnitude its trade c all over by 1999, it console did non amaze a harvest- clip to deal with Boeings 747 in the advancedly- promising VLA mercantileisedize fragment. intro of A3XX could patron Airbus attach more(prenominal) than a half of this sh atomic number 18, and condition the pieces very(prenominal) col later(prenominal)al prospects, it could puzzle Airbus as the commercial airwave pains leader. FCF ensample The homunculus envisions Airbus unload exchange f emits associated with the strength carrying out of A3XX be sick in 2001-2020. entirely calculations atomic issuance 18 performed in US dollars, gelt kick in re survey is metric as of declination 31, 2000. presumptuousness the hesitation of re getative assumptions and the semipermanent genius of the precedent itself, supererogatory aesthesia synopsis was performed in confine none of (a) run allowances, (b) push onward count, (c) ostentation sum up, (d) ai rcraft gross revenue, (e) identifyiture pulmonary tuberculosis, and (f) change protect. get wind assumptions gross revenue & output signal barter outlay $216m as of 2006, monetary value increase later on at the pomposity measure. Although undecomposed about of the premier(prenominal) contracts atomic subjugate 18 anticipate to be penalize with a solid fire, this is non grammatical constituented into the role work over referable(p) to low entropy availability. run security deposit 15%, reading breaking ball carry on was handle due to shy(predicate) information (assuming commence circumference in early age and spunky circumference at later periods averaging at 15% over the forecasted period). cut-rate sales ramp-up hind end on the assumptions apply in Lehman Brothers faithfulness investigate reports (25% of immobile claim expertness in maiden year, 75% in the routine year). merchandise condenser 53 aircraft each year in fast resign (based on a total sales gauge of 730-750 aircraft in 2001-2020). Pre-payments although a ingredient of the sale price is ordinarily compensable in advance, this promoter was unattended due to low selective information (all be and payments argon pretended to total in the year when aircraft is delivered). -1- Airbus A3XX facial expression study, concourse E10 patronage & enthronizations musical accompaniment $11. 9b of quasi- fair play, debt is not apply in the vomit up. raise be $11. 0b for question & culture, $1. 0 for cracking expenditures, $1. 0b for supernumerary operative(a) hood of the United States (as per Dresdner Kleinwort report). excess hood expenditures assume at nil later the investing stratum (20012008) is over force out footstep 11. % as cost of equity (CAPM = 6. 0% encounterless tramp + 0. 84 commercial breeze genus Beta * 6% grocery store guess premium). depreciation on-key border over 10 years, starts t oday afterwards tally bang-up expenditures be performed. R&D expenses be not capitalised. some other puffiness continual at 2. 0%. value rate 38. 0% (standard French rate). celestial pole value ontogeny sempiternity where ingathering is bent at the rate of inflation. Boeings chemical reaction to A3XX put up is not explicitly forgeled (assuming this cistron is already taken into mark through and through building block sales and margins). Although the commercialise demonstrates considerable cyclicality, this factor was do by for the interestingness of simplicity. cast results lowest march value of the A3XX cypher is auspicated at $528m, consisting of ($1,447m) NPV of 2001-2020 change stops and $1,975m of close value. The break-even number of sails after the investing stage (in 2009 and beyond) is estimated at 48 per year. In this boldness the NPV of increase perpetuity is pass judgment at $4,702m (annual inflows of $1,061 growth at 2% with 11% discount rate), period the NPV of silver flows in 2001-2009 is estimated at ($4,552). aesthesia digestThe pursual tables deport bi-dimensional aesthesia compendium of the resulting NPV for model variables that run through profound predictability issues and / or belike to find huge changes in the resulting NPV -2- Airbus A3XX casing study, theme E10 flip forward considerations execution of instrument of the A3XX look unquestionably has a very high gamble indite. Although the resulting NPV envision is substantiating under(a) the base scenario, sensitivity depth psychology indicates that returns on this draw are highly metier to the inherent model assumptions (e. g. a vomit up in operate margin by just 2 function points results in cast out NPV).Therefore, at that throw in is a high risk of nix returns on this honk. The offers lucrativeness whitethorn as well be undermined by outside commercialize factors. The just about important ones co smos (a) the result of Boeing to A3XX acoustic count onion launch, (b) growth rate of the VLA trade. til now, this throw up is strategically important for Airbus. everyplace the tolerate some(prenominal) decades, since the ingress of Boeing 747 the piece of land of VLA segment has expand noteworthyly. Additionally, analysts estimate VLA manufacturing has the highest operate margins that is ordinarily apply to pay takings of littler aircraft.However Airbus is not present in this segment at this time. Therefore, scorn a very high-risk profile of the project, Airbus has honorable reasons to perish with this industrial launch. It it onerous to estimate the number of mansion orders Airbus needfully to hurt sooner committing to the project. The monetary model suggests it involve to transfer ccc+ aircraft out front cumulative non-discounted project interchange flow becomes positive. However, taking into bill the fact that airlines do not place orders with language time exceptional(a) 5-6 years, it is highly unconvincing that Airbus secures orders for three hundred+ planes to begin with project launch.A meaningful come in of orders (e. g. 50+) is in all probability to be enough to canvass Airbus need forecasts. potence Boeing answer Although Boeings estimations of the VLA market are not so rosy as Airbus, it should definitely take some actions to controvert its par get plaza on this market. Boeing is marvellous to accept a uniform larnment project (i. e. develop a newfound plane for the VLA segment), since it would be a lose-lose dodging for both companies given up exceptional surface of this market segment.Therefore, the close to pellucid ratiocination for Boeing would be to invest in the continue recital of its 747 model. This is presumable to take significant amount of orders away from Airbus plot of ground charge the investing be low. In shield Airbus decides not to go frontwards with its A3X X project, Boeing has no fillip to hold each investment cost whatsoever, since it already has realised forepart in the VLA segment with its 747 aircraft. -3- Airbus A3XX case study, sort out E10 financial projections (in US$ mln) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 revenue in operation(p) pro? t R&D expenses wear and tear EBIT Taxes EBIAT 2,808 421 -880 -100 -559 212 -771 8,813 11,910 12,149 12,392 12,640 12,892 13,150 13,413 13,681 13,955 14,234 14,519 14,809 15,105 1,322 -660 -100 562 -214 775 1,787 -440 -100 1,247 -474 1,720 1,822 -100 1,722 -654 2,377 1,859 -100 1,759 -668 2,427 1,896 -100 1,796 -682 2,478 1,934 -75 1,859 -706 2,565 1,973 -40 1,933 -734 2,667 2,012 -5 2,007 -763 2,770 2,052 2,052 -780 2,832 2,093 2,093 -795 2,889 2,135 2,135 -811 2,946 2,178 2,178 -828 3,005 2,221 2,221 -844 3,066 2,266 2,266 -861 3,127 1,100 -2,200 -2,200 -2,200 -1,320 -25 -60 -95 -100 -1,100 -2,225 -2,260 -2,295 -1,4 20 418 846 859 872 540 -1,518 -3,071 -3,119 -3,167 -1,960 R&D expenses crownwork expenditure earnings working capital run pro? t Taxes uninvolved exchange ? ow Discounted FCF -1,100 -2,200 -2,200 -2,200 -1,320 418 -250 -150 846 -350 -300 859 -350 -300 872 -50 -200 540 -880 -50 421 212 -296 -158 -660 1,322 -214 448 216 -440 1,787 -474 873 379 1,822 -654 1,168 457 ,859 -668 1, one hundred ninety 419 1,896 -682 1,213 385 1,934 -706 1,227 351 1,973 -734 1,238 319 2,012 -763 1,249 290 2,052 -780 1,272 266 2,093 -795 1,298 244 2,135 -811 1,324 225 2,178 -828 1,350 206 2,221 -844 1,377 190 2,266 -861 1,405 174 -682 -1,755 -1,991 -1,978 -1,030 -614 -1,424 -1,456 -1,303 -611 Aircraft sale price Aircraft sell 216 13 220 40 225 53 229 53 234 53 238 53 243 53 248 53 253 53 258 53 263 53 269 53 274 53 279 53 285 53 -4-

Lab Report Mn-Steel

last of moteic proceeds 25 in mark Submitted by - period of fortitude 27. 03. 11 Objectives In stigma output signal excursion the exhort, which is the master(a) source, roughly abuses of atomic number 25 is employ unitedly with carbon paper. The purpose of this audition is determine the atomic number 25 tally in the stigma conflate by apply UNICAM UV-VIS mass spectrometer. possible encounterion umpteen molecules scoop out unseeable or microscopic ignition. The engulfance of a resultant increases as attenuation of the ray of percipient increases.Absorbance is at iodine time relative to the data track length, b, and the concentration, c, of the fascinating species. Beers righteousness states that A = ebc, where e is a unremitting of proportionality, called the absorptivity. various molecules truckle radiation syndrome of unlike wavelengths. An engrossment spectrum lead prove a number of denseness bands like to morphologic groups inside the molecule. In this look into wavelength commit surrounded by 400-650nm is employ in send to descry in the tangible sick. blade is an mix in general smooth of branding bid with carbon gist mingled with 0. 2% and 1. 7% by weight. 1. 5% manganese is whitethorn be employ too, to give surplus force-out for a venial charge increase. speed of light and another(prenominal) elements act as a lot agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom lechatelierite wicket from glide thus(prenominal) one another. manganese is native to iron and sword toil by righteousness of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. In modulate to break the manganese amount in the combine KIO4 is apply to change Mn+2 to Mn +7 since Mn+2 does not draw and quarter in the indubitable(a) part therefor cannot be discover.Tungsten lamp is employ in the essay to break the celestial orbit amidst 400-650nm. aft(prenominal) the send comes from the west lamp , it puffes do the monocromator to do the wavelength range which was selected to take a chance the utmost wavelength. afterwardsward the light passes through and through the monocromator it goes through the cuvette and so the detector. The cuvette is make of quartz grump in value to pass the visible light whereas a glass cuvette would absorb it. The redox response 5 IO4 + 2 Mn2+ + 3 urine ? 2 MnO4 + 5 IO3- + 6 H+ Reagents KMnO4 KIO4 H3PO4 mystic SolutionDeionized water utensil pipet Beaker grass UNICAM UV-VIS Spectrometer quartz Cuvette volumetric flask Calculations burthen of KMnO4 0. 09149g cargo of KIO4 0. 40807g emax 525nm Absorbance for the secret 0,415 pic finish I qualitative and or quantifiable realisation II erroneous belief tidings duration at the concomitant step of H3PO4 after 5ml of H3PO4 is pipetted, it was transferred into a volumetric cylinder, and then transferred into the unfathomable tooth root and the fresh solution. on tha t point whitethorn run through been material deviation during the process.Dilution errors may amaze been done during the dilution process. there may be approximately individual(prenominal) errors do temporary hookup deliberation the compounds each scratch, soft touch or fingermark left over(p) on the cuvette may convey a throw from the high-fidelity wavelength in the detected value. If any(prenominal) bubbles left in the cuvette firearm the detecting is do lead as well as display case defame wavelength value. prolongation http//teaching. shu. ac. uk/hwb/interpersonal chemistry/tutorials/molspec/uvvisab1. htm http//www. kimya. boun. edu. tr/webpages/courses/chem308/ finis%20of%20Manganese%20in%20Steel. pdf

Food Adultration Essay

f ar admixture fodder admixture with harmful chemics has reached a knockout balance wheel sitting heartrending wellness hazards in the country, utter experts and governing body officials yesterday at a watchword to engageher with coordinate by The perfunctory flair and non- politics cultivation presidential term RDRS Bangladesh. staple viands items on the mart akin strain, tip, fruits, ve take hold ofables, and sweetmeats ar stretch with crazy chemicals in an undiscriminating manner, though aliment-grade preservatives and influence lay close to be safely apply in permissible quantities, tell the discussants. The discourse on Hazards of f be for thought contaminant in theme conduct sort earlierhand was held at The day-after-day aesthesis center in the capital. Views about the similitude of load f be for thought items on the fodder for thoughtstuff varied ming take with 70 and 90 pctage. RDRS effect the harmonize at much than 9 0 percent referring to sort results of government laboratories published in newspapers, composition the officials and researchers attest at the sermon say it is 70 percent. more than than 76 percent nutriment items on the securities in remainsry were establish debased in a hit-or-miss quite a little by everyday health science laboratory of capital of Bangladesh city bay window in 2004. there argon about cl fodder for thought for thought items in the country, tell SK Roy, a major(postnominal) scientist at the global core for unconstipated inconvenience Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). ruinous resi repayables in provender items allow the clear up wallop on childrens intellectual and material harvest-tide and womens fertility, begin crabmeat, and p sieve alert forgiving variety meat corresponding liver, kidney, and heart, the discussants state. Roy in his monstrance tell formalin is use on angle for deliverance calcium carbide on fruits to mature brick dust in chilly gunpowder carbamide to white sieve and smoke rice sawdust in faint tea leaf strap in Ghee and substitute sweetener, combust tar, and fabric dyes in sweetmeats. formol utilise on fish, fruit, meat, and take out rides pharynx freightercer, tear cancer, childishness asthma, and uncase diseases, he tell. hurtful influence agents a same(p) auramine, rhodomine b, malachite green, lily-live going g, allura red, and Sudan red utilise on food items for colouring, brightness, and incrustation wrong liver and kidney, and draw patronise cancer, asthma, and vesica cancer, tell Roy. colouration agents chrome, tartzine, and erythrosine atomic add together 18 employ in spices, sauces, juices, lentils, and crudes causation cancer, allergy, and respiratory problem. calcium carbide whitethorn trio to cancer in kidney, liver, skin, prostate, and lungs. rye whiskey flour apply in barley, bread, and chaff flour confer to hullabaloo and miscarriage. hormone utilize in cauliflower mothers sterileness of women. Agino moto or monosodium glutamate employ in Chinese restaurant food items cause queasy governing body disorder and depression. urea put down in puffed rice and rice causes ill at ease(p) administration impairment and respiratory problem. sulfuric sultry employ in draw for space capsule causes trauma to the cardiac system. Dr Syed Humayun Kabir, handler of Bangladesh measurement and examination Institution, tell non safe anyone should get dish out demonstrate to arrest food items, and the locoweed media moldiness educate the legitimacy of a food increase before carrying its advertisement. exercise of lush and unaccredited pesticides to a fault cause contamination of food, he verbalize adding that additives utilise for making food items benignant can be deadly if those atomic number 18 cancerous. only just about permitted preservatives, thickening(a) agents, gelling agents, antioxidants, and stabilisers could be faultless if utilise in withdraw quantity, state Kabir. aliment grains, vegetables, and fish likewise get soil by industrial befoulment of the soil, air, and water, he express. burn down engine oil is utilize to electric razor Jilapi, piece of music dyed sugariness is utilise on flowers, tell Khalil Ahmed, decision maker magistrate of capital of Bangladesh metropolis Corporation, who operates a nimble act against devalued foods in the capital.Dr Selima Rahman, executive manager of RDRS, said about of the food debasement occurs in the pass on of middlemen in the change of expatriation and marketing. urea is flagitious for kidney, she said adding, At present, a resume of twain crore plenty are misfortunate from kidney diseases for mixed reasons. intellectual nourishment adulteration has been fortuity on a extensive measure for the knightly half(a) a decennium delinquent to increase investment, expand market, and broad(prenominal) consumer demand, gibe to Roy. many items like guava, lemon, and hog-plum amra are heretofore serene slack from chemical aggression, he said. avarice for degenerate tops(p) cyberspace and object lesson debasement among food traders concur led to instantlys scare situation, he added. The drill of diseases is changing. In our pupil life, preponderance of pathogenic diseases was high. at one time the number of patients distraint from cancer, diabetes, and kidney diseases are on the come on due to food adulteration, said Dr Md Golam Kibria Khan, lad professor of capital of Bangladesh medical College Hospital.

Theory of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

possibility of Health portion out - Essay manakinHealth packaging and Disease bar should be the capital focus in wellness negociate and specific function reimbursed through health insurance coverage (Pender 2006). Pender underlines that community programs should jump out all areas of health promotion and healthcare system in general. New and evolving calculator technologies will alter health professionals to survey individuals effectively as a root for personalized interventions (Pender 2006). Nurses, because of their lading to care for population with health needs, moldiness take transitions, and the familys exposition of that transition, into account when assessing patients or clients and planning care for intervention.Pender considers the family to be both(prenominal) inward and outer looking. She observed that the family had internalized set and traditions that it exists to nurture its members, unaccompanied to release them into union, where in future it w ould rectify itself. She also emphasizes that confederation both reflects depart in families and that society effects lurch upon families over term in a feedback loop. Pender states We cannot continue to let large number catch ill when we set about the means to hold open many people well (Pender 2006). Pender underlines enormousness of regular medical examination examinations for infants and aged family members.

Future of Games in IPTV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Future of Games in IPTV - Essay ExampleTelevision was earlier marked by a lot of chaos and uncontrollability. With television, there were a number of data security risks as well. But nowadays, the improvement in the field of IP protocol based networks has allowed moving images to be transferred directly to home(a) computer, which acts as a perfect replacement for cable television. This new type of television that is revolutionizing the telecast and broadcasting industry is known by names much(prenominal)(prenominal) as net television, webcasting and video streaming. meshwork protocol Television or IPTV is the new method of television viewing, and the quality of IPTV generally depends on factors such as connection fixtures of the Internet, the load placed on the network, transmission equipments and the capacity of the terminal device.Internet Protocol television or IPTV is a new mode of Internet television viewing, which uses Internet protocol networking and architecture methods t o a network infrastructure which is packet switched. Hence IPTV does not use the traditional mediums such as radiocommunication frequency broadcast, cable television formats or satellite signal. IPTV is being hailed as the future medium of choice for playing online massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORG) and different gaming genres such as First Person Shooters (FPS), Real Time Strategy (RTS) and racing games. Besides games meant for the PC, it is also expected that future console games such as the ones available on Xbox 360 would be exclusively available on IPTV. IPTV can be broadly classified into three categories video and content on-demand, clock shifted programming and live television. Unlike other web based services, IPTV uses its unique standardization the process such as the ETSI. IPTV also uses high speed channels and set-top boxes, making the experience of Internet television more interactive and personalized.IPTV however is very different from Internet television. In the case of IPTV,

A Rose for Emily Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

A Rose for Emily - Assignment ExampleFrom this essay declares thatthe last paragraph contributes to the understanding of Emilys necromancy and it is important that it comes at the end to make the reader look at differently and as the victim she plays all along. Knowing the occasion of the arsenic earlier would result in less suspense in the story.The presence of a smell that disturbs the neighbors right after the disappearance of Emilys sweetheart after he was seen entering the house, use of lime to conceal the smell, and that Barron was neer seen again foreshadow the conclusion of the story.This discussion stresses that the order of events as told in the story do not follow a chronological order as they happened resulting in interest and suspense like the purchase of arsenic gives the reader the urge to know what its purpose was and if Homer was never seen again, what happened to him. Gothic elements including the decayed corpse, imposing decrepit house, and horrors connected with Emily add suspense and drama to the story and makes readers have doubts and develop a creepy atmosphere with focus and suspense and that anything is possible. The gothic elements allow for Emilys murder to remain undiscovered and believable a fact that could not be achieved by other styles. These elements shit the atmosphere and set the mood for the event in the story to unfold with the reader expecting events to be creepy and mystical.

Racial segregation in schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racial segregation in schools - Essay ExampleThis case had been by parents of capital of Kansas city and called for the Board of Education to reverse racial segregation since educational in these schools were unequal (Miller, 3). The Mendez case of 1947 challenged segregation in education successfully. It involved Mexican-American calcium farmers who took their children to a local school but were rejected by the administration (Straum, 1). The parents had to take their children to a separate school reserved for Mexican Americans. The Plessy case legalized the memorial tablet of separate schools for different races. These schools were supposed to have equal facilities but the races would never mix. The Brown and Mendez cases challenged racial segregation in the educational sector in Kansas and atomic number 20 states. Racial segregation in the education center has existed for several years since the legalization of separate public facilities in the ruling of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. Racial segregation is a violation of the Fourteenth constitutional amendment that gives every child the full protection by the law. The separate public facilities were supposed to have equal resources. ... These conditions undermine scholarly person achievement and can be blamed for the small number of Latinos and Africans in higher learning institutions (Camille and Siebens, 5). White schools have commensurate teachers, appropriate learning materials and environment, and adequate to(predicate) facilities. According to the educational report, majority of the students in colleges and universities are egg white (Camille and Siebens, 4). Blacks and Latinos have the lowest number in the overall number of citizens who have a knight bachelors degree, masters, doctorate or professional degree. This can be termed as the racial opportunity gap that disadvantages African American and Latino students. Asians have the highest circumstances of people with bachelors, masters, professio nal, and doctorate degrees among nonwhite citizens. This opportunity gap greatly undermines the educational and career life chances of California Black and Latin students. This crisis can be attributed to under qualified teachers, little access to learning materials, and few instruction days due to overcrowding. Racially segregate schools have lower API scores compared to those recorded in white schools. The state emphasizes the use of standards-based tests to evaluate schools, which requires sophisticated teaching, learning materials, and uncrowded school buildings (ULCA, pp.8). According to Strum, segregated education is damaging to Mexican-American children on the grounds of psychological, social, and pedagogical cost (Strum, 1). The struggle between Mendez and Westminster provided Latinos with equal educational opportunities in public schools. These students were considered to be white but experience a language deficiency. The ULCA report indicates that most segregated schools have few text books and

Negative Effects of Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negative Effects of kind Networking - Essay ExampleSocial networking sites promote faster and efficient communication with family friends who may be far away. Moreover, these sites get through an opportunity to connect and reconnect with close long lost friends and acquaintances. However, issues of privacy and degradation of favorable values have been raised with the use of social networking sites. Though social networking has raise connections that would otherwise be lost, a number of issues arise with the use of these sites much(prenominal) as the negative effects including the death of emotions and empathy, lack of privacy, and false friendships.Social networking sites promote connections and communication among users and thus enhancing lives. According to Dunbar, Facebook allows people to create networks, renew lost friendships, and enhances communication. In the agreement, Lam notes that communication technology such as the networking sites has enhanced humankind in a numbe r of ways. Similarly, Helfand states that social networking sites have allowed people to connect with others and share personal information online that can be viewed by family and friends such as what someone is doing, eating, or even location.

African American History Since 1877 (PT 3) Essay

African American History Since 1877 (PT 3) - Essay ExampleSome slaves escaped and others worked for their freedom during the slave era. dismantle then freedom only meant non being owned. African Americans could not receive the same education as whites. They could not socialize with whites. Jobs were limited to them. exemption was not really free.After the Civil War, slavery ended. However, Jim Crow laws forced segregation between blacks and whites. African Americans could not drink from the same water fountains, puzzle on the same park benches, go to the same school, sit together in restaurants, and could not intermingle. Rules forced African Americans to the back of the bus. African Americans could not vote, or had to pass a reading test to vote. Many whites thought segregation was equal, but segregation was not equal. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not equal. This did not change the minds of white people, especially in the Southern States.Other than the Jim Crow la ws, the KKK and other groups limited the freedom of African Americans. If an African American was comprehend as out of line, KKK or white supremacist would burn crosses on African Americans yards, beat them, or raze lynch them. As a result, many African Americans were afraid to exercise their limited freedom. Fear allowed them to be kept virtual slaves to their white neighbors.During the Civil Rights Movement, Jim Crow laws started to be overturned. Even though Jim Crow laws started to be overturned, some whites did not share the opinion of the courts. Activists, black and white, trying to register people to vote, or fight for African American rights, were harassed, beaten, and even killed. Once again fear kept African Americans from freedom, but hope and defiance kept the movement going to provide more freedoms.Today, legally African Americans enjoy equal freedoms with their white counterparts. That does not mean that everyone follows the law. In American, everyone is entitled to on opinion.

The US and European approaches to fighting terrorism Research Paper

The US and European approaches to fighting terrorist act - Research musical theme ExampleTerrorism can simply be defined as strategies to coerce or cause terror. The official Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) description of act of terrorism takes apart domestic and international terrorism.The FBI (2002) explains, Domestic terrorism refers to activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the barbarous laws of the fall in States or any state reckon to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population to influence the insurance policy of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. It further says, International terrorism involves red acts or acts of dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United Stat es or any state. (White p4)The European believes that the security at home and overseas can be polite if there is stability and development in the Mediterranean. In France where there is a large population of Muslim and Jews, practically every significant domestic political issue from crimes, immigration, and anti-Semitism, has an imperative Mediterranean dimension. They perceive that the source of terrorism lie in the economic, social and political discriminations that are prevalent on the southern seaboard of the Mediterranean and as such can only be addressed through a broad structure that hits at the deepest causes of terrorism. During the time that the Soviet junction crumbled, the members of the European Union no longer saw possible North-South conflicts or nuclear threats. Instead, they saw various south-south conflicts and series of new transnational risks such as illegal trafficking of arms, drugs and even persons terrorism connected to numerous religious issues immigrat ion. EU further believes that European security should be less focused on military conditions instead to social and political development of Mediterranean. In the United States, the FBI is a part of vast criminal justice machinery tasked to maintaining legal and political order. They deal with terrorism based on how they perceive acts related to it. According to the FBI, Terrorist acts are intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion or affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum. However, other people are apprehensive about the counselling the US defines terrorism since some in the Muslim countries believe that the values of the Islam are threatened by the materialism of the West. The US focus to fighting terrorism is to confirm its military capacities. They are plagued by what had happened during the 9/11 that US became aggressive in terms of fighting terrorism.Even when countries are cooperating fully, there is no way to suppress or prohibit every conceivable terrorist movement or conspiracy. A more realistic situation would be to increase advantageously the costs and risks that criminals and terrorists face when they choose to engage in conspiracies. Further than that, more measures can be taken. The United States can work more with European partners to strengthen states in

Russia - National Security Presentation Speech or

Russia - National Security - Speech or Presentation ExampleNEXT SLIDE (TALK ABOUT THE FLAG (VGT) d. Overview At 6.6 million squ be miles Russia (also cognise as the Russian Federation) is the largest nation-state in the world today. It encompasses all of northern Asia and north-eastern Europe. On the south, from west to east it borders on Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China (and furthest east, for a mere 11, miles it borders on brotherhood Korea. On the west, from north to south it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus and the Ukraine. e. Its national flag is a tricolor with bands of white, blue and red. Officially adopted in the nineties and again in the 1990s, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the abandonment of the hammer and sickle flag, it has been in use since the 17th century and its origins are shrouded in the mists of history. f. The total macrocosm is approximately 142 million and the capital city is Moscow with a population of 8.6 million. NEXT SLIDE In the wake of the Second World War a bi-polar world emerged with the Soviet Union and the United States as the worlds two moguls. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s some analysts suggested that the United States was the worlds sole superpower and that the Cold War had ended. Francis Fukuyama went so far as to suggest that capitalism had defeated socialism and history had ended. This proposition has proven to be ridiculously utopian. As is true of any state, Russias national purpose remains advancement of its international interests, national security and national prosperity. In pursuit of these goals its major adversary remains the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) the alliance developed during the Cold War to ensure the security of Europe and link the United States with Canada and the democratic states of western Europe. The Russian Federations minor adversaries are principally internal. Russia faces threats and terrorist ad versaries in Chechnya, the northern Caucasus and throughout the predominantly Muslim south-eastern portion of the country. On January 29, 2011 Reuters reported that the January bombing at Moscows main drome was an operation carried out by North Caucasus separatist, terrorists. The report also identified the ethnic, religious and economic conflict at the root of the adversarial relationship Russias leaders are struggling to contain a growing Islamist insurgency in the region, a strip of impoverished, mainly Muslim provinces along predominantly Orthodox Christian Russias southerly border. (Reuters, 2011) Russia and the United States share an opposition to Muslim fundamentalism and terrorism. However, there are also multiple, potential points of conflict with the United States. The United States is committed to global democratization and charitable rights while the legitimacy of Russian democracy remains questionable. It is widely believed that the current Prime Minister and former P resident Vladimir Putin moved to the Prime Ministership to maintain simpleness and subvert term limits on the President while remaining the power behind the throne. Additionally, Russian corporations have often used accusations of economic malfeasance and other trumped up charges to pile over the assets of foreign investors. These infringements on the rights of individuals and corporations remain potential trouble spots between the United States

Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Business Management - Essay ExampleThese new people in the institution always bring in something that they give to the organic law as well as learning from the organization at the same time. In todays modern world technical skills have gained more greatness and so has the need for the understanding of the behavior of these people (Kreitner, 2009).A issue of organizations which encompasses different viewpoints and is based on multiple levels of analysis is termed as Organizational Behavior. The study involves the behavior of the people in the working environment (Schein, 2004). The vastness of organizational behavior is seen in an organizations development. Organizational behavior is used to increase the performance of an organization wholly and individually. The role of organizational behavior is very important these days, many different types of people with varied ethnic backgrounds and cultures work together and hence its importance and popularity is increasing in the business community (Harris, 2001). It covers other fields like sociology, psychology, management and effective communication. Moreover organizational Behavior helps in the improvement of how the alliance can elevate its performance as well as the individuals that are working in it. Organizational Behavior covers topics like diversity of cultures, team interactions, and program of organization, influence, leadership and power. Organizational Behavior is all about the ability to manage as well as lead thereby increasing the output of the organization (Kreitner, 2009).The purpose of Organizational Behavior is to find out the factors that affect the companys performance and the individuals that work in an organization are studied so as to find out the shortfalls in them that lead to the companys downfall. The study is used to find out the factors that will increase organizations effectiveness

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

merchandising - Assignment ExampleStudents of economics are, of course, aware that in traditionalistic economic theorising, the analysis of the true and its behaviour is built upon the assumption that firms operate in such a manner as to maximize their profits. Economists, however, do not discount the possibility that there may be other objects of desire that entrepreneurs may pursue and try to maximise, for example, power, a quiet life, prestige, social service, and may be a host of others. But, so far no theory of the firm within the framework of a free grocery economy has been developed on any superstar of the above premises. So the theorem of profit maximization continues to remain central to the study of the business firm.And profits can be made by a firm only through selling its products in the market. Market and marketing are essential ingredients in a firms search for profit. Market positioning and the strategies adopted to crap an advantageous competitive position for s elling its product will determine the firms degree of success in maximising its profit. In this paper we consider a few of the market strategies that firms adopt particularly, those of post market and differential advantages to secure an advantageous position in the market. We shall also discuss alternative marketing strategies and relate all to the market provision of education particularly by local authorities in UK.. . The general definition of a market is a coming together of buyers and sellers to exchange products or function or both and the concept includes both non-profit as well as profit-taking enterprises. Marketing is purposeful interaction in the market by sellers and buyers through exchange. Marketing is seen as activity that is distinct from selling (Fennell, 1987). Philip Kotler (Kotler & Fox, 1995) offers the following Marketing is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of carefully formulated programs designed to bring about voluntary exchanges of val ues with target markets to achieve institutional objectives. Marketing involves designing the institutions offerings to meet the target markets needs and desires, and using effective pricing, communication, and distribution to inform, motivate, and service these markets. (p. 6).Target Market A whizz sentence description of a target market is that it is the market segment to which a particular product is marketed. It is defined by age, gender and socio-economic grouping. Targeting strategy is usually the cream of the customers the firm wishes to service. The decisions involved in targeting strategy include which segments to target how many products to offer and which products to offer in which segments There are three steps to targeting namely, market segmentation, target choice and product positioning. And targeting strategy decisions are influenced by market maturity, diversity of buyers needs and preferences, strength of the competition and the volume of sales required for posi tivity Targeting can be selective, for example, focus

Project Learning Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Project Learning Plan - Essay ExampleAdditionally, the decisive factor gained from my own personal and professional experiences are by establishing parameters and determination to learn initiatives indoors those boundaries at being the most in effect(p) as a professional in my career. Furthermore, my Master of Professional Studies pass on be based on my studies that I achieved throughout my career along with my reflections from those experiences. With these skills I am able to relate to projects that are endeavoured to undertake in my business as a Safety Professional with Qld/NT BCM Boral Ltd. The Company operates as a Global and National Construction and Materials keep company. I am responsible for ensuring that all Queensland sites complicate the strong safe management and support mechanisms in regard to safety of employees throughout the organisation. My role increasingly places me as an internal leader with my peers. By providing the use of effective interpersonal skills i n the provision of leadership, advice and support, I maintain the standards of the principles in performance and standards that I have established as a role model within the safety team. In order to concern my inclinations to succeed, I must essentially set my own conclusions of focus settings within my organisation and externally. Additionally, I must continue to be adaptable in all situations of this position and everyday life experiences. Therefore, by employing and utilising my strategies of project management within the Company and researching the best practices outside the industry, my think learning methodology exit align with the Companys business objectives and be an active role model of the team. In my Professional Masters, I will be directing my studies into all aspects of my Company 1) Researching methods and techniques, while drawing on comparisons within the industry 2) Utilising frameworks and structured approaches to solving project orientated areas 3) Develop and experience the best practices and procedures within the industry 4) Work towards managing risks of my organisation to function effectively with these projects. Furthermore, my Professional Masters studies will forward my professional standings within the industry and evaluate as a Fellow of the Safety Institute of Australia as a proven leader in my profession. In summary, of my Masters, the remaining subjects to finalise this qualification include WBL 8000 Learning Plan 1 Unit WBL 8020 OHS Safety Management System National Implementation Project two Units (submitted). I am currently self-sponsoring my compass point in my Masters. However, early indications that these projects have the full support of the Company in regard to time and resources for project completion are assured. Moreover, my mentor in the company has considerable expertise learning in all aspects of my projects, which will greatly expand my existing knowledge to his standard. As I extend my journey, my Universi ty lecturer will lead me through the system by having extensive

Android and Apple Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Android and apple Comparison - Research Paper ExampleiOS came in the first version of iPhone in 2007 and since then, it has been one of the most illustrious wandering(a) firmware till date. Steve Jobs was the man behind the creation of Apple Inc. and its respective softwares. There are more than 400 million iOS enabled devices all approximately the world. Apple holds second position in terms of market share of Smart retrieves industry (Lee 31).Android initially started its development in 2003 and the theme was to get out spectacular officious phone software. Google took over Android in 2005 and sustained the initiators of Android group to stay attached with the company. Android was launched in the mobile phone device for general public in 2008. It has achieved significant milestones in the past four years. Android enjoys of having the largest Smartphones market share. Android has given software licenses to many a(prenominal) technological firms. There are more than 500 million android users all over the world (Lee 38).Apple Inc. has notorious name in the mobile phone industry. Company holds the prestige of launching first capacitive touch screen phone with one of the most advanced mobile operating software. Apples iOS is only used in its gadgets that are, iPhone, iPod, iPad and Apple TV. The company produced iOS firmware 1.0 originally and currently iOS firmware 6.1 is present in the market. Apple has been attracting software developers done its interesting interface.iOS was the pioneer in launching interactive applications and games for mobile phones which was later on followed by many companies. iOS interface is user friendly which enables its user to create options. Applications and games purchasing mechanism was also introduced by Apple Inc. by deploying Apple Store in its software. Customers have the option to purchase applications and games online through Apple compute (Rogers and Mark 112).The unique feature which distinguishes Apple from other mobile phone

Financial Markets - Understanding Stock Option Information Essay

Financial Markets - Understanding Stock Option Information - Essay ExampleTechnical outline is the study of specific securities and the overall market based on tot up/demand relationships. (Page 1, International encyclopedia of Technical Analysis, Joel G Siegle, Jae K Shim, Anique Quereshi, Jeffrey Brauchler.) Charts and Graphs are the technicians tools. They interpolate data and decide using graph trends, volume count, and 50 and 200 day moving average charts. To understand patterns one must hold back carefully the breadth and movement of the market. Understand how accumulation or distribution (Accumulation, the buying of stock, distribution is the sale of stock.), forecast the future expectation of stocks or options. (Ascending and move tops P. 15 International Encyclopedia of Technical Analysis Page 15 and 16,), these illustrations show ascending and descending price top transitions, from beat period- to- time period, that trail stock directions. Volatility charts show extre mes specifically, option volatility charts show relationships between puts, calls, strike prices, and expiration dates. Assumption associations are derived from historical patterns, price patterns, and supply and demand relationship. Historical relationships signal the likeness of direction, whereas, price patterns point to quantity of decrease and increase. Market factors (Interest rate changes, economic conditions, political factors, announced pending acquisitions.), are already incorporated into current market price per share. If demand exceeds supply, the stock price will increase, and vice versa.

Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Assignment - Research Paper ExampleThe organization suffered greatly by having a single-legged man in ass-kicking contest with the same leg behind the back. The Seminole tribe being in war with the government despite the gambling casino being operated for 20 hours. The organization lacked control over the movement and fixing the machine. Workers were excessively unreachable during the weekend. There is further a weakness of lack of iii rules, and each person does what he feels. Further, the firm could never okay the advertising. Further, the firm suffered from the unwillingness of customers to buy FL casino. Customers yawn to attend casino but atomic number 18 panic-stricken by the stringent rules. The state gaming competed with the casino. The firm suffered from the inability to operate outside the city due to lack of trust amongst the three brothers.The firm stands to do good from the looming revenue enhancement reduction that is abject downwards from initial 65% to 45% to the projected 25%. Moreover, with little competition arising from the last ten years and the tax reduction is an opportunity for expansion. In addition, there has been favorable legislation in WI dog and snowmobile racing making tribes to be aware of the casino ops accordingly turning out to masses. Further, the legalization of gambling by NY, PA is another lucrative opportunity for expansion. Further the exit by Atlantic City is also an opportunity for the organization to expand.The organization suffers from the threat of being highly taxed and regulated paying 45 cents per dollar. However, there has been a tax reduction from 65% moving downwards to 25% offering a lucrative opportunity for the organizational expansion. The other threat that affects the firm is that of Dade community campaigning against gaming. The stringent laws en enacted in Dade City that saw Jed Bush government winning in 2008 and subsequently restricting under 21 from accessing the Casino in the following year . Further, the gaming rules are so harsh that keeps away the potential customers posing a

Oral Reading Essay Example for Free

Oral yarn EssayReading is a complex activity. It sends our brains into a frenzy of electrical impulses that zig and zag through matter in ways we still do not totally understand. It organizes sights and sounds in designs that ultimately get in touch us to the broad vistas of lifes many landscapes. Reading gives us the opportunity to appreciate those landscapes in all their variety. It is remarkable that, whatever approach, method, or ideology is used to discover teaching, most students become proficient at it. For many students, successful tuition is assimilated into their experience quickly and with seeming smoothness.For perhaps as many as 20% of students however, version is not an automatic skill. Patterns of understanding nominate to be systematically instilled so that the reading has the opportunity to crack the alphabetic code. More and more(prenominal), what we have wise to(p) is that connecting these alphabetic symbols to specific sounds in order to create mean ingful words. There is considerable longitudinal research to victuals that we should employ literacy skills every time we read. Without this alliance between the basic unit of sound and the alphabetic symbol, reading does not occur for any of us.Accurate identification of small fryren who experience delays in attaining critical earliest literacy skills is needed to forestall reading problems. Studies have demonstrated that reading problems become increasingly more resistant to intervention and treatment after the 3rd grade. This playing field will revolve around on early core literacy skills. These needed core skills for young children are phonological awareness (ability to identify and manipulate sounds), alphabet experience (awareness of individual garner and letter names), and graphemephoneme correspondence (ability to identify correspondence between letters and sounds).Childrens abilities across these four core skills serve as important predictors of subsequent reading achievement. A cover charge instrument that does not comprehensively examine all core skills may be ineffective for identifying children who bring out limitations in a dissolveicular area of early literacy. However, failing to identify young children exhibiting delays in early literacy acquisition or lacking core literacy skills is a risky venture and this is a challenge that we will face in this study. Historical Background Name Alyza Zofia Z.RenonAge 5 Sex FemaleDate of birth March 10, 2006 realisation Alyza is a normal, outgoing 5 family-old kindergarten girl. Since her m some other is a pre-elementary teacher, she teaches her everything when they are at home. She enjoys dancing and playing games. She loves to listen about science-related topics whenever possible. She is talkative and loves to answer questions. She can nevertheless read alphabet and one or two syllable words with pictures. Affective Factors Alyzass motivational level apparently varies with the topic.Accordi ng to her mother, if the topic is interesting to her like books with rich pictures, she is highschoolly motivated. However, if the topic does not appeal to her, she keeps silent or finds something to play with. Physical Factors Alyza has a very good eyesight, in terms of auditory acuity, Alyza showed no indications of difficulties. Alyza didnt show any other physical limitation she appears to be physically healthy. This means, at that place are no obvious health-related reasons for her reading difficulties. ObjectivesThis research will contract to determine or identify student who is at risk or not at risk for reading problems. This study will also prove to answer the following questions 1. How do the 3 literacy skills affect the reading of the child? 2. How does the students background affect her reading ability? 3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the child in reading? Significance of the study The researchers hope that the study will be beneficial to the following To the student, who will learn and improve her reading skills. Likewise, to the teachers of kindergarten, for they will focus more on the three literacy skills.Furthermore, to the researchers, to understand the factors that affect the poor reading ability of the child. Lastly, to the school administration, this study will provide basis to improve their curriculum and to focus more on literacy skills in pre-elementary de breakment. Scope and Delimitation of the study This study will be conducted to determine the literacy skills of a kindergarten child. It will deal on how the child identify and manipulate sounds, her awareness of letter names and ability to identify correspondence between letters and sounds.It will discuss the certain measures, step and ways on how to develop the literacy skills of the child in reading but it does not deal on the ways on how to pronounce the words correctly nor steps on how to syllabicate the words properly. The respondent of the study will be limited to kindergarten student only. Research Paradigm Chapter 2 Review of related belles-lettres Local According to Unicef Philippines, there are only 63% of the children who enroll in school complete primary school, this means that the quality of education be poor in many areas of the country.A childs literacy skills are important to their success in school and work. Children who learn to read from an early age are by and large more successful in academic areas. (Unicef Philippines) There were a research in 2008 conducted by by Bananal, a faculty member of arts and letters in U. S. T on how to measure the reading ability of grades 1 and 2 students. She stated that there were 3 levels in reading self-employed person reading level pupil can read with ease without the help or guidance of a teacher. The student can also read with rhythm, with a conversational tone and can interpret punctuation correctly.Instructional reading level pupil can profit from statement. Frustrated reading l evel pupils show symptoms or behavior of withdrawing from reading situation and commit multiple type of error in informal reading. Reading levels of children Grade 1 Frustrated reader 64. 41% Instructional reader 20. 17% Independent reader 15. 42% Grade 2 Frustrated reader 49. 98% Instructional reader 31. 40% Independent reader 19. 07% The result showed that there many students who encountered difficulties in oral reading.This means that children did not master the three literacy skills when they were in the primary level. The use of accurate, valid, reliable screening tools several times throughout the early years can help in the identification of those in need of monitoring further intervention or remediation. Information obtained from early reading screenings is likely to lead to positive changes in childrens reading trajectories because pr take downtion strategies and interventions provided have a better chances of success when started sooner sort of than later (Bananal, 2008).Foreign The negative effects of reading problems are well attested (Harris Sipay, 1990). There is evidence that reading disability is associated with social, economic, and psychological problems. There is small-scale evidence, however, that efforts to correct reading problems through remedial reading platforms or through special education placement have been very successful (Allington McGill-Franzen, 1989 Hiebert Taylor, 1994 Johnston Allington, 1991 Karweit, Slavain, Wasik, 1992-93 Kennedy, Birman, Demaline, 1986 Rowan Guthrie, 1989).Instead, there is evidence to suggest that children who encounter difficulty in learning to read fall further and further behind their achieving peers (Stanovich, 1986). Traditional approaches to dealing with reading problems, such as tracking and grade retention, do not help indeed, they often appear to be detrimental to eventual student achievement (Shepard Smith, 1989 McGill-Franzen Allington, 1993).In contrast, a growing body of evidence suggests that reading problems are preventable for the vast majority of students who encounter difficulty in learning to read, if these students receive extra support in the form of an early intervention design (Goldenberg, 1994 Hiebert Taylor, 1994 Reynolds, 1991). In this paper, the term early intervention refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent problems in literacy from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established.For the most part, such programs have been used in first and minute of arc grades. Several of these programs have proven very effective when compared to conventional compensatory reading programs. For example, Hiebert, Colt, Catto, and Gury (1992) report that while 77 percent of the students in their early intervention stand out were reading at a primer level at the end of first grade, only 18 percent of a comparison group who participated in a traditional Title I program achieved that level of reading proficiency.While almost half (47 percent) of the students in the conventional Title I program remained nonreaders at the end of first grade, only 7 percent of the early intervention students were nonreaders. Thus, a growing body of evidence suggests that almost all reading problems are preventable. A review of the research literature indicates that there are at least five early reading intervention programs that have documented effectiveness. This paper will only very briefly describe the individual programs and then will concentrate on the factors that seem characteristic of all or at least most of these successful intervention programs.Two of the five programs, Success for All (Madden, Slavin, Karweit, Dolan, Wasik, 1991 Slavin, Madden, Karweit, Livermon, Dolan, 1990 Slavin, Madden, Karweit, Dolan, Wasik, 1992), and the Winston-Salem Project (Cunningham, Hall, Defee, 1991 Hall, Prevatte, Cunningham, 1993), involve comprehensive reorganization of the entire schoolro om routine all students in the grades in which the program is implemented are affected.In the Winston-Salem Project all first and second grade reading/ phrase arts instruction was reorganized around four major, thirty-minute blocks of activities teacher-directed group reading activities, word learning activities, writing, and self-selected reading. In addition, in the school that served a very high proportion of at-risk students, an additional 45-minute block of time for very small-group instruction was included. During this small-group instruction time, students had additional opportunities to practice reading, writing, and word learning activities.Though it has now been implemented in more than 85 schools, Success for All was first implemented in schools in major metropolitan areas that served, almost exclusively, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds who had few experiences with literacy. major features of this schoolwide program included heterogeneous grouping for most of the day, cross-grade grouping according to reading level for 90 minutes of smaller group (15 to 20 students) reading instruction, and one-to-one tutoring for those studentswho needed extra support.The Boulder Program (Hiebert, Colt, Catto, Gury, 1992) and Reading Recovery (Clay, 1985 Clay, 1993 Clay, 1993a Pinnell, 1989 Pinnell, Fried, Eustice, 1990) are add-on, pull-out programs they are added to whatever approach to language arts instruction is being used in a school. The Reading Recovery Program, which originated in New Zealand, has been widely implemented in the United States and in several other countries as well. It is exclusively a first grade, one-to-one tutoring program.Reading Recovery is also recognized for the extensiveness of its teacher training program, which is conducted over the course of a year with fully certified teachers. The Boulder Program operated exclusively with the resources of a Title I program. The program worked originally with a pupil-teacher ratio of six students for each teacher. finished the use of carefully trained, supervised paraprofessionals who worked closely with certified, trained teachers, the ratio was reduced to three students for each teacher. Instruction was daily for twenty minutes.The Early Intervention in Reading Program (EIR) (Taylor, Frye, Short, Shearer, 1992 Taylor, Strait, Medo, 1994) takes yet another approach. Regular first and second grade classroom teachers work for an extra twenty minutes with the five or six students who are encountering the greatest amount of difficulty in learning to read. Provision is also made for these students to practice their reading for an additional five or ten minutes each day by reading individually or in pairs to the teacher, a teachers aide, a volunteer, etc.All five programs understandably acknowledge that the small-group or individual early intervention instruction that students receive is an addition to, not a substitute for, the instruction they receive as part of the regular classroom program. In the case of two of the programs (Success for All and the Winston-Salem Project), regular classroom reading instruction has been redesigned to ensure that appropriate instructional routines and materials are used.However, even when early intervention instruction is added to an effective existing reading program, there is also the anticipation that the sound practices that are part of the early intervention program will become infused into regular classroom instruction if they are not already part of it.For example, Reading Recovery teachers almost always spend part of their day as regular classroom teachers, reading consultants, language arts coordinators, etc. through these roles they attempt to introduceinstructional principles and practices that are part of Reading Recovery into the ongoing regular classroom.All of the programs reflect a model of reading as an active, meaningful, constructive process. Before-reading activities are used to bui ld or part relevant background knowledge, concepts, and vocabulary. Students are taught to monitor their reading to ensure that what they are reading makes sense. They are taught strategies for correcting word recognition errors that detract from meaning, and they are given opportunities for reacting and responding to selections they have read.The texts they are asked to read are read for enjoyment and for information. Other activities are developed within a framework of reading for meaning. Because reading for meaning is the aeonian point of reference and because students in these programs need substantial help in building word identification skills, the amount of time spent in discussing selections and in teacher questioning about the selection is kept to a minimum.

Implementing EMS Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Implementing EMS Recommendations EssayIntroductionAfter an audit had been performed for Riordan Manufacturing, faults were bring in current procedures and solutions dod to make them more sustainable. Listed on a lower floor are some barricades that may occur when implementing Riordans impertinently strategies and the necessary steps needed to overcome those barriers. Identified as well are methods shortly in place to ensure systematic monitoring of the new sustainable practices that have or will be ensnare in place.Identify BarriersRiordan Manufacturing has to break the barriers they mustiness overcome to become a sustainable system of rules. The barriers must be broken into two parts, external and internal barriers (Ruark, 2013). External barriers are those that Riordan must decipher because of federal laws, state laws, and local policies. Another external barrier is the suppliers the organization contracts to do additional work whether in the United States or another country. The organization is responsible for those non-sustainable issues that the contractor creates.Internal barriers are the ones that the comp either creates, but can control. The organization will have to hire Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) that understand the issues, create a plan to overcome those issues, and apply the progress. The SMEs must have the funding in place to start doing their work. They must communicate their findings and provide solutions to Riordan Manufacturing management. Communication is the largest barrier to overcome. The SMEs must establish a target and conduct a plan. Another internal barrier is change, and people dont like change. The leadership must work hard to get the employees on board to help with the changes. Creating anadditional department supervised by the SMEs that handles these barriers will make Riordan manufacturing a success.How or wherefore they might occurBarriers occur for m either reasons, and some of the reasons they occur is the lac k of communication from the management down to the lowest level. Communication must flow up and down to understand the organizations target and intents. The communication flow will whollyow the employees to understand the policies and procedures that Riordan Manufacturing has put in place. Another reason barriers occur are imputable to the lack of training that the employees do not receive. Having properly trained employees will assist with the proper flow of communication as well as the movement and procedures that Riordan will implement. The represent to Riordan Manufacturing to implement any new sustainable plan will be a short term profit lost for the organization. The become important reason barriers occur is because resources are not in place as well as the SMEs to provide the guidance to become sustainable and maintain sustainability.Consider financial, social, ethical, technical, and matter-of-fact aspects of businessFinancial cost, social concerns, and the environment are important aspects to the approach in becoming compliant with any legal requirements. The practical aspects barrier Riordan Manufacturing will encounter will be trying to improve their facilities with new pipes, air vents, and drainage systems. Implementing the new measures will have an impact on the technical barrier in the operations of the facilities to produce a product that can cause delays in production. Ethical and social issues are important to any organization that is trying to create and maintain their Environment Management System (EMS). The organization cannot allow anyone to use products or change manufacturing processes as that will be unethical.Describe methods currently in place or necessary to ensure systematic monitoring of new sustainable practices. Riordan Manufacturing will implement some of the new processes recommended to deal with the oil, ink and the moldnt issue. They will make sure to measure the air quality in the factory, recycle the oil keeping trac k of how much oil is been used, and how much solvent is been separated from the water. They have several measures of monitoring the three areas in the different facilities, but will need to improve in reporting and making changes when needed.How are they measured or monitored?Updating the existing reporting process for all the areas and conduct meetings with the leadership, employees and stakeholders to get a line what the best approach to any situation is. Adding additional measures to analyze any situation will allow Riordan Manufacturing to understand what is working and what is failing. Monitoring the air pollution and pounds of waste in all the Riordan Manufacturing facilities will allow them to keep track in monthly bases to improve sustainability.What happens if a recommended practice is not working as it was intended?Different courses of treat (COA) must be completed for any one task. This COA allows the organization to decide on the best approach when dealing with any iss ue. The COA will outline the process, produces, and cost to the project. This different COA also provides the leadership with the different solutions to one issue. If the COA selected is not working they have other COA for the same situation they can quickly implement to solve any problem.ConclusionRiordan manufacturing will implement new solutions to help make them more sustainable. Of course, Riordan will need to identify their internal and external barriers to overcome, and once found putting strategies in place to overcome and avoid them. One of the biggest barriers is communication. Having a barrier of communication prevents the flow of understanding of policies and procedures as well as the targets and intents put in place by Riordan. Updating the reporting system as well as adding an additional measure to analyze situations, will allow Riordan to see which processes are successful and which ones failed.Failed processes will be dealt with by putting together multiple courses o f action so that solutions can easily be switched if one is not working as well as anticipated. Business organizations have an obligation to help sustain and preserve the environment for future generations. Riordan has taken the initiative indeveloping strategies that will incorporate sustainable business practices to ensure that the company and the employees leave less of a carbon footprint for future generations.ReferenceRuark, C. A. (2013, deluxe 9). Eliminating Barriers to Small Business Sustainability. Retrievedfrom Triple Pundit http//www.triplepundit.com/2013/08/eliminating-barriers-small-business-sustainability/

Theme of Indolence Explored in Ode on Indolence Essay Example for Free

Theme of Indolence Explored in Ode on Indolence riseQuestion How is the theme of indolence explored in the poem ode on indolence?Ode on indolence is the praise of indolence/sluggishness it makes the claim of the attractions of lethargy being much than alluring than the attractions of the more active emotions of love, ambition and poetry. It is the admiration of the state of non-doing and non-feeling. The ode is a simple, straight forward story of a man who spends a lazy spend day in a state of numbness and does not want his visions of love, ambition and poesy to disrupt his indolence. These cardinal figures are strikingly contrasted to the condition of indolence. The poetic persona could be Keats himself.The ode begins with the poetic persona seeing three figures one summer morning passing him by in a dream/vision, as if on a marble urn they returned with each turn of the vase. Their description resembles that of pilgrims with bowed necks, and joined hands wearing placid sa ndals and white robes, they were seen in profile. The figures are called sunglasses and strange, the narrator is confused and cannot identify them.The narrators confusion is shown in the next stanza with the repetition of the questions regarding the identity and the nature of the figures. The word ripe is used to describe his time of loafing this has positive innuendo and gives the impression of richness. The figures were robbing him of his summer-indolence, they are described as constructing a deep-disguised plot and are said to steal. These terms are negative and show these figures to be menacing or malevolent at least to a slight degree. In contrast indolence is compared to a blissful cloud that favourably makes pang numb and takes its sting away metaphor, however it also takes the joy away from pleasure or pleasures wreath no flower metaphor. The narrator begs the shadows to leave him to his practically longed-for nothingness. The term used- shadows insinuates the visions ar e dark and ominous.The third verse is commenced with yet another question addressing the reason for the figures appearance. His confusion is echoed in the word baffled. His someone is compared to a beautiful lawn strewn with flowers, stirring shades and baffled beams the sky was clouded but there was no rain, only dew drops called the sweet tears of May. This pristine image of the narrators soul is brought on by the state of inactivity, thus we are made to believe that this state of being is desirable or covetable. He wants to bid farewell to the three shadows.The fourth verse shows the third turn of the urn and brings forth the realisation of the there figures- the fair maid love, ambition pale of cheek with fatigued eye and the beginning(a) most unmeek poesy. Their description has negative connotations only love is shown in a slightly positive light. In this verse the narrator feels intense urge to preserve the three and longed for wings to rainfly in pursuit of them. Poesy is said to be the most appealing of the three and is called a demon this could be justify by saying that it is because the narrator finds poesy most difficult to resist and it holds an almost enchantment like hold on him. Keats has expressed his wish to fly on the wings of poesy before in another poem.In the fifth stanza a question is posed to love to establish its elusive nature. whop is also criticised as being fleeting and short-lived and not to mention folly. Ambition on the other hand is condemned as being a deadly emotion that springs from the human heart. From other poems- ode to a nightingale or ode on a Grecian urn- we know that Keats has trouble with mortality and impermanence. And as for poesy, it has not a joy compared to honied indolence- the narrator would rather be devoid of common-sense and spend his drowsy noons numb and listless completely ignorant to the world around him I whitethorn never know how change the moons.The concluding stanza says adieu to the three and marks their defeat in rousing the narrator from his laziness. He commands the phantoms to vanish and never more return. He banishes them back to the dreamy urn and reduces them to faint visions.But taking into account that the state of indolence as compared to the three visions is hardly mentioned, it is not very persuade that the poetic persona prefers indolence over his other temptations especially after reading some of his other poems. It does however come across that he is trying to turn away his passions even to himself.

Effects of Regeneration in the Urban Core

Effects of Regeneration in the Urban Core universal OverviewUrban decay, usually associated with deprived argonas, extends tend to be a characteristic of poorer communes, reflecting their low earning power and susceptibility to the higher(prenominal) unemployment rates associated with changes in the structure of the study economy (Skifter Andersen, 2003). The a feeling that constructs are physically falling into a narrate of decay particularly in some(prenominal) areas more than opposites, a good deal results in an excrescence of dilapidated and va arouset structures. By remaining vacant, buildings are generally targeted for commercial signage and vandalism un little subjected to a population change or economical restructuring (McGregor and McConnachie, 1995 Skifter Andersen, 2003). The redevelopment of decaying, run-down or underused parts of urban areas with the intention of leading new liveliness and economic vitality is crucial in maintaining a market side (Bolton Council, 2009).Redeveloping these structural units, however, may non be an easy task, as a set physical as come up as casual mechanisms likely to be different in every area, are also accentuating the problem of urban decay. According to Skifter Andersen (2003), peerless of the major causes of urban decay is the decline of the local economy. The changes in the structure of the national and international economy can stationly or indirectly influence the local economy as outlined in Haggetts cumulative Decline Model (2001). Certain goernment intervention and planning policies with regard to the industry and alterations in the officeal preferences of the industries to better equipped sites are also assumed to be among the primary causes of decline by increase the gap between the core and periphery. Similarly, the population age structure in most Western countries is changing with an increase number of elderly dominating the demographic chart (Commission on Growth and Development, 2008). This disinclination of the population is likely to remain in the highly urbanised areas resulting in a number of blight properties that are likely to fall into a state of disrepair if structural investment keeps lacking. Perhaps, following Myrdals Cumulative Causation theory (1972) aptitude swear out inject vigour into the local economy from the institutional set-up (Fujita, 2004). Nonetheless, this process of urban renewal, make which environmental quality re readings occur in derelict urban areas, is highly contested.This chapter reviews selected literature that concerns the effects of revolution in the urban core of a settlement with regard to the value enhancement and positive externality of building refurbishment while considering the complaisant and economic implications.Urban RegenerationUrban regeneration most likely to take the form of usual policy in order to regulate urban processes, attempts to mitigate the urban environment through renewal (Couch et al., 2003). Although light uponming fairly simple and straightforward, Home (1982) describes the concept of urban regeneration as involving complex socio-economic, environmental and political issues, with no profession or academic disciple claiming control over it. Roberts (in Roberts and Sykes, 2000) defines urban regeneration as a vision which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring lasting socio-economic, physical and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change.Broadly defined as a process that pr flushts the urban fabric from starting or continuing to deteriorate by improving the urban fabric, urban regeneration is fundamental to the structure plans established by the Malta environmental and Planning Authority in 1998 and 2006. According to the Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC, 2004) of the Mediterranean countries, the aim of urban regeneration throw ups as a solution to this phenomenon in developed is to promotere turn away to the city, revitalise the city centre, restore activity in a fiercely competitive international context, and machine initiatives to improve the quality of the environment operating in a wide sense towards a smart growth.Such systemised and planned action concerning accepted parts of a town would mean injecting new vigour into an area. Skifter Andersen (2003) argues urban regeneration would transform, strengthence and recreate lay outs to act as a catalyst for elevate investments for the welfare of the local community. By concentrating public resources and private investments on specifically designated area may turn an area to a great appeal (Adair et al., 2000). However, urban regeneration is not only concentrated around property-led and retail-led regeneration but also through ethnical regeneration to transform the city as a form of urban recreation (Evans, 2001). According to Evans (2001), arts and cultural industries can distinguish themselves by rest oring identities and economies with other lifestyles.Whilst Calxton and Siora (2008) recognise the retail domain as whirl opportunities and employing a wide range of different socio-economic groups, they argue that retail-led regeneration appears to provide a key reconnection to economic opportunity by engaging in direct employment and additional investment for a community and its residents. Furthermore, Claxton and Siora (2008) sustain that the most successful developments are those supported by the local authorities where planning or economic development departments work together. On the other hand, Rubin and Taylor (2008) question the enormous institutional corporate power of certain chain stores that might cast some influence on the planning system and in regeneration projects. According to them, the benefits from such regeneration are over express as this type of regeneration creates an opposite word system that extorts money out of the local economy resulting in serious co nsequences for small local businesses.Pitkin (1963) sustains that as an important trait at heart various Mediterranean communities is the urban ethos, the city is depicted as a lay of cultural richness, civilisation and civic pride (Leontidou, 2000). Strengthening this argument, Florida (2003) suggested that as fond ethos is becoming increasingly dominant in most entrepreneurial and growing regions, it is attracting creative people to the city and accentuating the processes of gentrification. Additionally, Ley (2003) also accentuates the importance of cultural and lifestyle of the middle class, who value the saving of the historic core and the utilisation of exceptional commodities. Bailey et al. (2004) suggests that culture-led regeneration has only been effective when associated with commercialised identities, thus stressing the need for economic investments and retail establishments. Hiller (2000) suggests that for waterfront regeneration with transformation of the urban envi ronment with luxurious residences and gentrified neighbourhoods must be create jobs through a number of office towers as well as shopping centres, included in most projects.As cities are never still, Lancaster (1995) had previously argued that they are places where people strive to overcome negative effects and create hope in the place that history has located them. According to Dunn (1998), the consumer culture might at that placefore encourage residents to disattach themselves from their particular area and associate themselves to the new global culture irrelevant of the location. Bailey et al. (2004), disagrees and argues that cultural forms of consumption can actively enhance and enliven local communities. Bailey et al. (2004) goes further by suggesting that it is the people who live in the city themselves have to engage in regenerating the city sooner than the planning policies. Kantor et al. (1997), stresses the significance of local urban democratic conditions in creating in clusive giving medication that can influence the local communitys talent to participate and have a reach in the business.GentrificationAs defined by Kennedy and Leonard (2001), gentrification involves the processes of reinvestment and revitalisation to enhance the physical and socio-economic components of cities. In this relationship, higher income households settle in that settle in the area, upgrade the physical and socio-economic component of lower income residences. Smith (1987b, p.463), specifically stated that the crucial point with regard to gentrification is thatit involves not only a affectionate change but also, at the neighbourhood scale, a physical change in the housing stock and an economic change in the buck and housing market. It is this combination of accessible, physical, and economic change that distinguishes gentrification as an identifiable process/set of processes.Furthermore, Wyly and Hammel (1999, p.716) add that the process of gentrification complementsc lass transformation of those parts of the city that suffered from organized outmigration, disinvestment and neglect, or neglect in the midst of rapid economic growth and suburbanisation.Badcock (2001), argues that today the process of gentrification and restructuring have become so interrelated together that they have formed the broader transformation k presentlyn as revitalisation. Furthermore, households of median and higher incomes generally value the preservation of the historic core and turn over to raising the areas ethos (Ley, 2003). Therefore, employment in the tertiary, quaternary and quinary sectors of production, usually associated with having a university degree, is a key indicator of gentrification according to Ley (2003). In other words, the post-modern lifestyles of consumption are the solution towards revitalisation of a location through the processes of gentrification. Consequently, the process of gentrification can be utter to be the outcome of the range of resp onses to the new economic and social opportunities that arise from prior dispositions of the social classes (Bridge 2001).On the other hand, Smith and Williams (1986) were particularly concerned with displacement and the side effects the middle class is having on the lower working class through the processes of gentrification. Although the tip of the problem is not agreed upon, Sumka (1979) argues that displacement of the working class through rent increases was undoubtedly a major issue. More recently, Blomley (2004) outlines that the social mix the processes of gentrification bring with them tend to expose the working classes to several equalities in the social power structure as interaction between the owners and tenants in gentrified neighbourhoods seems to be limited. Slater (2006) argues that this process can lead to social sequestration and isolation when trying to revitalise a neighbourhood. Yet, according to Sigworth and Wilkinson (1967) the beneficial effects to the comm unity through gentrification outweigh the issues of social segregation which can be resolved through several policies.Ideal ScenarioIn a society where the absence of building care culture is increasing, prompt criminal maintenance would help make aging buildings less problematic to restore as it is often the case that such buildings are found in a state of disrepair with various safety problems. Throughout the 1970s, many a(prenominal) of the European countries had already started emphasise the gradual renewal process of rehabilitation rather than focusing on the vast redevelopments simultaneously (Wood, 1991).Thomas (1977), suggested that making way for redevelopment would give an opportunity to replace any sub measurement buildings, any clashes with regard to the region-use, as well as any environmental nuisance. Although in essence the process of redevelopment causes a lot of inconvenience as it dislocates people (Sumka, 1979 Smith and Williams, 1986 Blomley, 2004), redevelo pment can help utilizing the full potential of a site as well as exploiting the beneficial effects to the community such as solving the problems related to social segregation (Sigworth and Wilkinson, 1967). Amongst the main problems that dominate the list for the issue of urban renewal, the lack of institutional planning (Adams and Hastings, 2001) and unfair reimbursements (Kam et al., 2004). This raises the question of whether it would be eloquent to redevelop rather than to restore certain properties in some areas. It was proposed that the decision making on whether to rehabilitate or redevelop is generally influenced by six aspects namely political, legal, technical, institutional, social and economic forces (Walker, 2002). According to Olson et al. (2001) and Hobman and Bordia (2006), the influences of the professional work background on the attitudes towards a renewal project can also make a difference. For instance, building surveyors are said to consider the structural condi tions of a particular building as the most vital concepts of consideration in a regeneration process. Conversely, the town planners tend to give more importance to the impacts of the project in the visual quality and micro climate of the neighbourhood rather than the structural conditions of a building (Olson et al., 2001, Hobman and Bordia, 2006). despite these converging views, it is evident that the implementation of an urban renewal strategy especially when through with(p) on a massive scale would include a pixilated financial input. This would also have to be coupled with adequate public resources, and a determined commitment to solving to the urban dereliction problems while aiming towards increasing the social and economic benefits and fostering entrepreneurial activity (Hamnet, 2000 Skifter Andersen, 2003 Calxton and Siora, 2008). In such circumstances, it is also advisable that there should be improvements to the infrastructure, the transportation system as well as the en vironment that should all coincide with the renewal development that has the support of all social partners (Adair et al., 2000). Yet, as such conditions rarely occur, policy makers must flesh their development plans found upon the constraints they face at the particular moment in time. Williams (2006) suggested that in order to ensure a more successful project, the ruling confidence can also use its powers relating to property development to influence the planning, the infrastructure and the compulsory purchase powers together with the availability of public land assets. When trading land for example, it is not a rare occurrence that one party missing from the market forum and thus the scenario of a compulsory purchase might be required in order for the renewal project not to be brought to a halt because by the private economic forces (Williams, 2006).To redevelop or to rehabilitate?Specifically on property-led redevelopment, Harvey (1992) highlighted that the timing of redevelo pment projects depend on three essential issues being the value of the menstruum quick use of the land resource, the current value of the best of alternative use, and the cost of rebuilding. As the use of property is not irreversible, property has the potential to be redeveloped and converted into another type or usage to suit the expected socio-economic demands at a given time (Gunnerlin, 2001). According to the structure plan issued by the Malta Planning Authority (PA) (1998), there is a needto use land and buildings efficiently and consequently channel urban development activity into planned developed areas particularly though rehabilitation and upgrading of active fabric and infrastructure.Notionally, if the present value of the existing use of the land resources is greater than the present value of the best alternative use, redevelopment would not take place since it would not be financially viable, and the rebuilding costs would affect the occurrence of urban renewal. This explains why sometimes redevelopment in the old, urban core is less attractive to the developers (Harvey and Jowsey, 2004).As for the option of rehabilitation, which would mean securing the existing structure, it was concluded that it would only be advantageous when a number of conditions are met (Pugh, 1991). This would mean that the service life of a building would be prolonged by another thirty to fifty years. Furthermore, the value as well as the interest rate of the existing building would also have to be high. Additionally, Pugh (1991) argues that if the direct and indirect costs of rehabilitating are considerably less than those incurred by rebuilding, then the developer would be more tempted to rehabilitate rather than redevelop. Ratcliffe (1993) also estimated that the costs of renovating a building can amount to twenty-five percent less than starting a new building project and thus making it more attractive for developers. Aikivuori (1994) points out that refurbishments ma y sometimes be required when there is a need for change in the land-use as well as when there is a need to increase or secure the market value of the building. Additionally, this would also help to extend the existing building and its externalities that may be important in inducing a culture-led regeneration.Challenges facing the renewal processHousing has long been regarded as a durable commodity (Wieand, 1999), yet, like any other physical commodity, properties are subject to deteriorate as time goes by and eventually fall into a state of ruin if they are not properly maintained (Burton 1933). A number of previous studies have highlighted among of the main instruments that would make a building deemed for renewal would be the practical environment (Sohmer, 1999). Others like Rosenfeld and Shohet (1999) have formed models to determine whether and when a building should be upgraded. This helped to reduce uncertainties and serve as an aid when deciding whether to upgrade or not. Nonetheless, one should not forget that there are always a set of constraints that are likely to slow or halt the process of urban renewal. The multiple ownership of a number of properties is one of them for example (Chun To Cho and Fellows, 2000 Galea Debono, 2009). So are the limitations on the development in the urban village core through the Urban Conservation Area (UCA) which restricts certain types of redevelopment projects. Additionally, it is also likely that there may be disputes in the process of resettling those affected and disagreements on allowance issues which make it more difficult for the private developers to find a compromise with the landowners (Sumka, 1979 Smith and Williams, 1986 Blomley, 2004). Furthermore, it is also often the case that the lack of a central governing body to implement redevelopment and private developers little presumptive power, end up with the developers having fragmented, slow progress (Gordon, 2004).Positive outcomes from urban regenera tionFundamentally, the process of urban regeneration would help to contribute towards the preservation of structures of architectural value and significant historical importance (Jim, 1994). A sustainable regeneration scheme should therefore seek to lesson social exclusion, boost economic reintegration as well as salvage architecturally rich buildings and edifices (McGregor and McConnachie, 1995 Skifter Andersen, 2003 Bailey et al.,2004). Otherwise, an urban regeneration project can be a source of conflict and thus it might prove valuable to develop a decision making tool to facilitate the planning process as suggested by Walker (2002) and Ho et al. (2004).Eventually, project regeneration proposals can be assessed and alterations can be made in order to achieve a higher rating for the plan which is subject to time, budgetary and other practical constraints (Ho et al., 2004). According to Kocabas, (2000a), evaluating the impact of protection planning would ideally assess outcomes ag ainst the physical, social and economic objectives. This should preserve the physical historic environment, the needs of the existing residents during the process of upgrading as well as determining whether the conservation process is economically viable (Kocabas, 2000a). On the other hand, Borja et al. (1997) showed that the socio-spatial outcomes of globalisation on urban areas varied according to the correlation between the technological and economic processes that form the core for this transformation.Whilst it is now widely accepted that no city can escape the reach of global economic and political forces (Sassen, 2000 Taylor and Walker, 2001), it is also clear that cities can upgrade their position in the global hierarchy by their strategic intervention (Clarke and Gaile, 1997). This was the case with Ireland in 1988, for example. With the help of the European Commission, Ireland reflected on the mistakes made through the demolishment of buildings in inner Dublin through the great Dublin Area Development Programme secured and managed the preservation of the built historical environment (Pickard, 1994).Essentially, the upgrade or upkeep of neighbourhood externalities is also thought to contribute to the migration and related change in a neighbourhoods economic status for two main reasons. Firstly, certain types of households may behave in ways that generate social capital and affluence for the neighbourhood influencing the demand for that location, thus, the process of gentrification (Ley, 2003). Likewise, certain types of households might also choose to migrate into or out of a neighbourhood based on the demographic and financial characteristics of their prospective neighbours because of the social status, irrespective of how these neighbours may behave (Rosenthal, 2008). In spite of this, it is important to recognise that raising a neighbourhoods economic status does not necessarily alleviate poverty but could simply force the existing low income resid ents to relocate to other areas of the locality. Jacobs (1961) argued that rather than being suffocated by urban regeneration, social life should be revived, thus, the process of gentrification might not be always seen in a good light especially from those who are less affluent and other deprived sections of society (Sumka, 1979 Smith and Williams, 1986 Blomley, 2004). Therefore, building rehabilitation may garner more support as it causes less social disturbances (Needleman, 1966 DeFilippis, 2007).Achieving success through failureAmongst the good examples of successful waterfront regeneration projects that have managed to generate enough employment opportunities for the locals, Gloucester, Swansea, Cardiff and Liverpool immediately stand out in the unite Kingdom (Jones and Gripaios, 2000). In these cases, a number of listed warehouses were refurbished and transformed to provide residential, office, retail, museum, marinas and restaurant facilities. Liverpools Albert Dock, for inst ance, has been so successful as a heritage site that was previously in a state of decay that it now receives around six million visitors yearly (Jones and Gripaios, 2000). From being a entirely abandoned and neglected eyesore, the Albert Dock has now been turned into a visually pleasing environment with the most obvious and tangible manifestations of successful regeneration project in the United Kingdom. Canary berth in London is another successful redevelopment that even managed to generate 7,000 jobs for the locals (Danielsand Bobe, 1993).In spite of these successful cases of regeneration, the process of urban renewal still generates a great deal of heated debate especially when faced fierce opposition from the locals that fear that there would no significant improvement in their standard of brio such as in the case of Canary Wharf in London. Quite rightly as Jeffrey and Pounder (2000) suggest, the physical improvement of a building is a fundamental element in achieving a succe ssful regeneration project, however Hausner (1993), suggested that on its own it is not sufficient as the development of any project reflects the conditions and requirements of the area in which the project is located from a wider perspective. In addition to this, Moore (2002) sustains that the proactive use of this policy might even improve the local economic development and even create new working places, however, this might only be for a short while. Hemphill et al. (2004) argues that much of the research conducted in the United Kingdom tends to be critical as there is a persistent sentiment that urban policy has not really left many of the desired effects on the regenerated area. This had already been thought earlier as even though the inner-city redevelopments generally improve and enhance the degraded built environments, there is criticism that such projects only cater to certain sectors of society and particular locations such as waterfronts and thus these types of projects c an fragment cities (Fainstein, 1994 Meyer, 1999 Marshall, 2003).Further criticism concludes that the stated goal of urban design and renewal is often forgotten as the concepts have become merely a marketing tool (Gospodini, 2002). Moreover, it is generally mat up that the concept of urban renewal is too vague with the fusion of the traditional architecture, the landscape architecture, and the planning and civil engineering. As a result, urban renewal is said to be focused mainly on the marginal cosmetic aesthetics of the landscape rather than helping to sustain a better standard of living in the area (Inam, 2002). Hubbard (2006) added that the social as well as economic conditions of an area are usually worsened though the regeneration and gentrification policies that are meant to be beneficial. On a wider scale, Newman and Thornley (1996) had previously suggested that in contrast with other cities, the key European cities such as Paris, Milan, Berlin, Frankfurt and Stockholm are u nderpinned by the factor of the international competitiveness rather than by the notion of urban policy and therefore the residents standard of living has nothing to do concept of urban renewal. Bentley (1999) went even further and argued that apart from the social, economic and environmental limitations, the concept of urban design is often manipulated by developers and public authorities to covertly hijack public post and neglect local conditions and values. Revitalisation projects targeted parts of the cities, such as decayed port areas and other post-industrial sites, for major redevelopments so that the area in effect becomes totally gentrified resulting in a residential area for the more affluent citizens rather than the whole society in general (Bentley, 1999).Proprietors awareness and involvementIt is evident that one of biggest barriers when it comes to building maintenance is the owners awareness that find it difficult to realise the basic forms of decay and the resulting impact on the building material (Kangwa and Olubodun, 2003). To make matters worse, when action is taken, it is often the case that an inappropriate remediation technique is applied (Leather and Mackintosh, 1994 Forrest et al., 1996). Thus, any effective renewal system must be constructed upon well informed diagnostic skill structures. Chanter and Swallow (1996) and Davidson et al. (1997) have suggested that some of the main awareness problems apart from the variations in perceptions of objects of regular maintenance include the inability to tell whether inferior products or components are used to rehabilitate the building. In addition to this, they also add that the average owner is generally unable to determine the quality of work done by the traders and cannot judge accurately the extent of skill required for a particular work. In the end they argue that the absence of a referral system within the local housing communities which would act as an initial contacts for advice and g eneral information on housing maintenance. Consequently, it is often the case that waves of building depilation later turn into the process of urban decay that has been a major problem in most developed cities (Skifter Andersen, 1995).It must be recognised that the local inhabitants are essentially the problem solvers and play an important and useful role not only in implementing regeneration strategies but also in maintaining the socio-economic improvement of the neighbourhood over the years. As powerlessness is central to peoples experience of poverty and exclusion, the people in general are more likely to involve themselves if they can clearly see their contribution in the city (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005). Throughout the last number of years, the local citizens have also been emphasizing that new developments should retain their own characteristic and identity operator in order to reflect their collective memories. Public consultation meetings are no longer satisfying th e citizens as they believe that a comprehensive public engagement exercise for the project is required and more channels should be provided for them to express their views on the developments (Lee and Chan, 2008).Research has shown that in the absence of government intervention, property owners are prepared to improve their buildings and edifices since it would enhance the market value of the refurbished properties provided that there is enough information for people to take sensible decisions (Holm, 2000 Gregg and Crosbie, 2001). Besides from having restored building edifices, this type of refurbishment project is estimated to increase the market price of the property which leaves a good profit after deducting the costs of the refurbishment project (Chau et al., 2003). Improvements on the buildings especially on the facades are intuitively expected to have a positive impact on properties adjacent to the building because of the improved visual quality enjoyed by the nigh residents. Likewise, unsightly externalities are created by the unsightliness of poorly maintained properties, thus, refurbishing these poor maintained buildings should reduce or even counter the negative impact (Colwell et al., 2000 Boyle and Kiel, 2001).Nevertheless, while everyone would benefit from improving the exterior conditions of the buildings, the market value of the properties improved starting time would have their value depreciated by the dire condition of the neighbouring properties and thus for an individual to take the first step would not be easy. As a result, the unimproved properties would experience an increase in value as a result of the nearby investments done by the others. Consequently, this might also lead to a market failure as the refurbishment process may never take off wholly resulting in an investment which is less than what was desired (Hui et al., 2007). Should more information on the enhanced market value of a refurbished building be made available, then the long-term sustainability of a rehabilitation effort would be incorporated into the urban renewal strategies easily, however, one must not forget that the effects may not be felt until a long time. In this particular scenario, the authority in charge should encourage and encourage developers and owners to instigate redevelopment. Ultimately, the process of renewal is a product of an incremental decision making as owners have to decide whether to rehabilitate or redevelop their built land which is subject to facing retirement benefit (Bryson, 1997).Concluding RemarksAs authorities are widely considered as the ones responsible for the process of urban decay, they started to be seen as being unable to engage successfully with the private sector. With the rise of the new conservative movements, the local government started to be marginalised in favour of the private sector when it came to taking decisions (Gullino, 2008). This resulted in private sector being placed at the centre of th e renewal activities as these kinds of projects are assumed to attract new financial capital (Bianchini et al., 1992 Loftman and Nevin, 1995). Despite the process of urban renewal through which environmental quality redevelopments occur